Acknowledgements

This thesis is dedicated with great love to the memories of Billie Manawatu Te Ra, Freda McKiech, Eric Ramsden, Linda and Frank Lewis, Te Uri o Te Pani Manawatu Te Ra and Hohua Tutengaehe, all of whom died too early and still had much to give.
This work could not have been done without the financial support of the Health Research Council of New Zealand from whom I received a Training Fellowship.
I wish to acknowledge and thank all the participants in the interviews who gave permission for their identities to be used in the study and gave of their time and their knowledge to help this project.

Marian Evans who did the filming and helped compile the video archive. Lis Ellison–Loschmann who did everything else including the compilation of the video archive.

Looking back over this journey there have been people who have offered love, energy, advice and support all along the way. From our Poua Tom who thought I was much too old to be doing this sort of thing, should be looking after the kids "but oh well if that’s what she wants to do then we are beside her," to those who slogged along with me helping with editing, culling, reviewing drafts, adding and subtracting from my propensity to include everything I have ever heard about Cultural Safety and then some.

I owe my supervisors Moana Jackson and Pamela Wood immeasurable gratitude. Through an extremely difficult and often unpredictable process they stayed with me and demonstrated their belief that the job would eventually be done. If they had their doubting moments they did not let me see them.
Neil Pearce has been the mentor whom every student could want. Not only has his shining intelligence helped guide me through the mazes of the PhD experience but his partner Lynette Shum, busy with her own family and academic life, took the time to make me traditional medicinal treatments when I was ill.

Lois Grant-Hroch, Naomi Young, and Allison Clark made sense of the typing and formatting.

Other people have been there always and others for parts of the journey. Their support and love has all been deeply appreciated. Sam Brown, Jim Vandeveer, Aroha Webby, Elizabeth Cunningham, Linda Grennell, Peter Ramsden, Paul Stannard, Arawhetu Peretini, Papaarangi Reid, Dierdre Nehua and Syd Jackson, Patricia Grace, Kathie Irwin, Joy Bickley, David Loeber, Michael King, Hal and Marlene Levine, Rocky and Jeanie Douche, Sue Thompson, Denise Wilson, David Burger, Rod McLeod, Rob McIlroy, Debbie Southgate, Shona Rapira-Davies, Jonathan Dennis, Vera Morgan, Lynn Pomare, Kere Pomare and Eddie Ford, both Eru senior and new Eru, Kahe and Tahuwhenua, the beloved middle child.

Every word and gesture of encouragement and support from all these people and many more have been noted and appreciated. Between these people and their children I have been nourished intellectually, emotionally and physically.

Last, to my children and their partners my acknowledgement for their love and patience as I wove my distracted way through their lives. Peter and Pip, Pirimia and Ryan, thanks.

Nga mihi aroha ki nga hoa me toku whanaunga, tino arohanui,
Na o hoa aroha, (me o matua whaea me o taua ano) ko Irihapeti.